What is robot localization?
Robot localization is the process by which a robot determines its precise position within an environment, typically using a reference map. Accurate localization is crucial for autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) and vehicles to navigate effectively from their current location to a target destination.
Robots estimate their location using various sensors and technologies, including:
- Laser sensors (e.g., LiDAR)
- Vision sensors (e.g., stereoscopic cameras)
- Ultrasonic sensors
- Global Positioning System (GPS)
Why is robot localization important?
Robot localization is the foundational first step for autonomous navigation:
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Robot localization — knowing where the robot is in the environment
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Path planning — determining how to get to a goal location
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Map building and interpretation — updating or creating maps for dynamic environments
Beyond autonomous navigation, localization is also critical for obstacle avoidance and safely operating in busy, dynamic spaces where reliable position awareness allows the robot to adapt its movements in real time.
